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Ignoring what appears to be an insignificant matter may lead to serious health problems. Visiting a good multispeciality hospital in India or an ENT hospital in India is the key to receiving the right care for dysphagia and preventing various complications caused by it.

This blog will help you understand various aspects of dysphagia, its causes, symptoms, treatment, and prevention. 

What is Dysphagia?

Dysphagia is the term used to describe swallowing problems, which may be caused by issues related to peristalsis (movement of food through the gastrointestinal tract) near the esophagus. 

There are various other reasons for difficulty in swallowing, including inflammatory conditions, esophageal reflux issues, tumour growth, and neurological conditions.

Dysphagia is not classified among illnesses; rather, it occurs as a sign of an illness. Although swallowing appears easy, it comprises the coordination of more than 30 muscles and nerves.

There are two main types of dysphagia:

Healthy individuals may sometimes experience trouble swallowing, particularly if they eat fast. However, if symptoms are persistent, it is advisable to consult a physician, preferably at a reputable ENT hospital in India.

Prevalence of Dysphagia

Dysphagia is a common issue in India, particularly among older individuals.

A report from the Journal of the Indian Speech, Language & Hearing Association suggests that the prevalence of dysphagia stands at 20% among the general population. However, among individuals aged 60 and above, the prevalence stands between 50% and 66%.

Also, this condition is more prevalent in women than in men.

Symptoms of Dysphagia

The symptoms of dysphagia experienced can vary depending on the underlying cause and its severity. The following are the commonly observed dysphagia symptoms:

• Pain or discomfort while swallowing
• Feeling that food is stuck in your chest or throat
• Coughing or choking while eating or drinking
• Frequent drooling
• Regurgitation (bringing food back up)
• Hoarseness or voice changes
• Unexplained weight loss
• Heartburn or indigestion
• Nasal regurgitation (food coming out through the nose)
  

The symptoms can be mild or severe. 

If they do not go away with time or medication, they should not be taken lightly. An ENT specialist in India can help identify the cause.

Causes of Dysphagia

The reasons behind difficulty in swallowing can vary, ranging from minor to major health problems. The following are the different causes of dysphagia:

Oropharyngeal Dysphagia Causes

• Neurological damage: The nerves that enable swallowing can be injured by stroke, Parkinson’s disease, or trauma to the head.
• Muscle diseases: Diseases such as muscular dystrophy affect the strength of muscles used for swallowing.
• Tumours or cancer: The presence of tumours within the throat may obstruct or squeeze the pharynx.
• Radiation therapy: Undergoing radiation therapy for cancer around the head and neck regions may lead to the development of scars that cause inflexibility and loss of mobility.

Oesophageal Dysphagia Causes

• GERD: The oesophagus may become narrow or inflamed from stomach acid injuring its lining.
• Strictures: Narrowings from scars or chronic inflammation.
• Achalasia: Uncommon condition in which the lower esophageal muscle does not relax as it should.
• Eosinophilic oesophagitis: Allergic inflammation of the esophagus.
• Foreign bodies: Ingestion of objects by mistake, particularly among kids and old people.

The reasons indicate the significance of consulting a specialist. Many multispeciality hospitals in India have modern tests for determining the problem precisely.

Who is at Risk of Dysphagia?

Certain people are more likely to develop swallowing difficulties:

• Elderly individuals, due to age-related muscle weakness
• Stroke or Parkinson’s patients
• People with chronic acid reflux
• Head or neck cancer patients
• Those undergoing radiation therapy
• Children with developmental delays or neurological conditions
  

Understanding the risk helps in early identification and intervention.

How is Dysphagia Diagnosed?

Doctors use several examinations to identify difficulties in swallowing:

• Barium swallow test: An exclusive X-ray taken after consuming a substance that makes the passage visible.
• Endoscopy: This test involves the insertion of a small camera through the mouth into the esophagus.
• Swallowing study: It looks at how food and drinks are passing through the patient’s mouth and throat.
• Esophageal manometry: This is a test done to see how the muscles squeeze while one is swallowing.

All these tests are available at leading ENT hospitals in India that also have highly experienced teams of specialists who can treat and manage difficulties associated with swallowing.

Treatment Options for Dysphagia

Fortunately, dysphagia is curable in many instances. The appropriate cure relies on how serious it is and what caused it.

1. Speech and Swallowing Therapy

Experienced therapists help patients with muscle control and swallowing coordination problems. It works best when dealing with diseases of the nervous system.

2. Medications

• Medicines that reduce acid for gastro-esophageal reflux disease
• Drugs that relax muscles for esophageal spasms
• Antibiotics or antifungal drugs for infections, if any

3. Diet Modifications

• Eating mashed or blended foods
• Taking thickened fluids to avoid choking
• Opting for a balanced diet as suggested by a nutritionist
  

4. Esophageal Dilation

Doctors employ a balloon or similar tool for the safe expansion of a constricted food pipe.

5. Surgery

This is necessary in case of tumours, strictures, or anatomical problems. In very serious situations, surgery may be used to eliminate obstructions or place feeding tubes.

6. Feeding Tubes

Patients who cannot swallow well are given a tube for feeding so that they do not choke on food and to provide them with enough nourishment.

Prevention of Dysphagia

It is not possible to prevent dysphagia all the time, especially if it is caused by neurological disorders or cancer. However, a few easy practices may lower your risk:

• Chew food slowly and thoroughly
• Sit upright while eating
• Avoid lying down immediately after meals
• Stay hydrated
• Limit spicy or acidic foods if you have acid reflux
• Stop smoking and reduce alcohol consumption
• Maintain good oral hygiene
• See your doctor regularly if you’re at risk

What Happens if Dysphagia is Left Untreated?

Failure to address swallowing problems may result in severe problems:

• Malnutrition: Not eating enough healthy food
• Dehydration: Particularly among those who do not drink for fear of choking
• Aspiration pneumonia: Drawing food or spit into the lungs
• Choking incidents: Objects lodged in the throat, causing airway blockage and breathing problems
• Poor standard of living: Hesitation to take meals with people in public places

Therefore, immediate care by experienced doctors at a multispeciality hospital in India is essential.

Conclusion

Dysphagia, which is often a sign of an underlying problem, has effects on general health, mood, and social life. Regardless of whether it is mild or severe, dysphagia must always be taken seriously. However, thanks to today’s medical advancements, almost all situations can be managed or even cured.

If you or someone you care about cannot swallow properly for a long time, visit a trusted hospital in India or a reputed multispecialty hospital for guidance. Identifying the problem at an early stage, giving appropriate medication, and being a little calm will enable you to regain your initial state of eating, drinking, and living well.

In this blog, you will learn about oral cancer symptoms, causes, and treatment in the leading multispecialty hospitals in India. Treatment is possible and curable if detected in time.

What is Oral Cancer?

Oral cancer refers to cancerous growth in the mouth or oral cavity, including:

• Lips
• Gums
• Tongue
• Inner cheeks
• Floor and roof of the mouth
• Tonsils and the back of the throat (oropharynx)

Usually, the sickness starts with a non-healing sore. As time goes by, it might increase and affect the surrounding tissues or lymph nodes. The common form of mouth cancer is squamous cell carcinoma, which originates in the mouth and throat lining, mostly consisting of flat and thin cells.

Common Oral Cancer Causes

Oral cancer does not have a single cause. However, the combination of risk factors increases the chances of getting it.

1. Tobacco Consumption

Tobacco consumption, in both smoked and smokeless forms, can increase one’s oral cancer risk. In India, a large percentage of oral cancer cases are caused by smokeless tobacco, which includes tobacco, gutkha, khaini, or betel quid with areca nut, and are at high risk of oral cancer.

2. Excessive Alcohol Use

Drinking too much alcohol, along with smoking, can increase the chances of getting sick.

3. HPV Infection

Oropharyngeal cancers are associated with human papillomavirus (HPV), especially type 16.

4. Sun Exposure

Prolonged exposure to sunlight may heighten the chances of lip cancer.

5. Chronic Irritation

Poorly fitting false teeth or jagged molars could cause chronic annoyance, increasing the chances of getting cancer.

6. Poor Oral Hygiene

Poor oral hygiene caused by not brushing the teeth properly, inadequate flossing, untreated tooth decay, etc., can increase the risk of oral cancer.

7. Family History of Cancer

Having a positive family history of oral cancer and inheriting genetic conditions that are associated with increased oral cancer risk can make one more susceptible to oral cancer.

Warning Signs and Symptoms of Oral Cancer

Early identification is important, but many symptoms are mistakenly dismissed as minor issues. Here are some things to look out for:

• Non-healing sores inside the mouth or on the lips lasting over two weeks
• Spots in the mouth that may be either red or white
• Discomfort experienced when taking food or talking
• Swelling or masses in the mouth or cheek
• Loss of teeth without a tooth problem
• Long-term unpleasant smell from the mouth
• Change of sound produced or roughness
• Blood is coming out through the mouth
• Lack of feeling in some parts of the mouth or lips
• Continual pain in the throat

Stage 1 oral cancer symptoms are often more subtle. The key to early detection of oral cancer lies in paying attention to persistent oral symptoms and seeing a qualified ENT specialist in India for primary evaluation.

How Oral Cancer is Diagnosed

The first thing to do when you experience oral symptoms is to have a dentist or ENT specialist examine your mouth. Other examinations will be done if any abnormal sores or swellings are seen.

1. Biopsy

They take a small piece of tissue from the suspected area and examine it for cancer cells.

2. Endoscopy

A tiny camera is employed for close examination of the interior of the mouth and throat.

3. Imaging Tests

• CT scan: Performed to determine the extent of the disease’s spread
• MRI: Creates clear pictures of internal structures to evaluate the disease’s presence and spread
• PET Scan: Reveals if the cancer has spread to other organs

4. HPV Testing

Chronic HPV infection is an important risk factor for oral cancer. It can be used to determine the appropriate treatment for oropharyngeal tumours. 

Prognosis is most favourable for early-stage oral cancer (Stage 1 or 2), which is detected early.

Learn more about cancer health packages here: Health Packages - Bhavnagar - HCG Hospitals

Stages of Oral Cancer

It is easier to find and cure stage 1 oral cancer, which also has a positive outlook and requires minor medical procedures.

Oral Cancer Treatment Options

Treatment planning for oral cancer depends on its location, stage, and the patient’s overall health.

HCG Hospitals is recognised as one of the best cancer hospitals in Bhavnagar. Equipped with all major cancer treatment facilities under one roof, it offers comprehensive care for different types of cancer.

1. Surgery

Most times, surgery is done before anything else:

• The surgeon will remove the tumour with a small portion of healthy tissue that surrounds it.
• If the cancer surgery leads to deformation of the face, reconstructive surgery may be performed.
• Neck dissection may be performed if the disease has spread to nearby lymph nodes.

2. Radiation Therapy

Powerful radiation beams are used to destroy cancerous cells. It works very well when the cancer is still in its early stage or when used along with an operation.

3. Chemotherapy

Oral or intravenous anti-cancer medications are administered to kill cancer cells throughout the body. Chemotherapy for oral cancer is often combined with other treatments, like radiotherapy, to improve the treatment response.

4. Targeted Therapy

Targeted therapy focuses on identifying specific cellular pathways and molecules that encourage cancer cells to multiply and targeting them to control cancer growth. The side effects are generally less severe compared to those of conventional chemotherapy.

5. Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy involves re-engineering the body's defense against cancer. Commonly employed for progressive or relapsed oral malignancies.

6. Rehabilitation

After treatment, patients may need the following support to seamlessly return to their routine life:

• Speech and swallowing therapy: Specialists help patients regain or adapt their communication and eating abilities through various techniques.
• Nutritional counselling: Trained onco-dieticians help patients with balanced nutritional plans that positively impact their recovery.
• Psychological support: Psychological counselling also plays a pivotal role in the recovery of oral cancer patients.
  

Recovery and quality of life depend on rehabilitation since treatment may affect how one talks, eats, or looks.

When to See a Doctor

It is important to see an ENT specialist for oral cancer screening if you notice any of the following signs in your mouth:

• A wound that continues for more than two or three weeks and remains painful or uncomfortable
• Problems with swallowing or talking
• Any strange swelling or increase in size inside the mouth
• Hoarseness
• Long-lasting pain in the throat or jaw
• Unexpected loss of weight

Sometimes, just going to a dentist may help find it at an early stage. People should be careful and do everything on time because it can be fatal.

Hydration is essential for the flow of lymph, the carriage of food, and the removal of poisons from the body.

• Adults should aim for at least 2–3 litres of fluid daily.
• Hydrating fruits, such as watermelon, cucumber, and citrus, should be consumed regularly.

6. Avoid Harmful Habits

Smoking damages lung tissue and impairs immune cell function. Excessive alcohol weakens your ability to fight off infections and disrupts gut flora.

• Quit smoking with the help of support groups, patches, or counselling.
• Limit alcohol to one drink per day (women) or two (men), as per medical guidelines.
  

Diet and Your Immune System

What you eat today determines your immune response tomorrow. Malnutrition is the leading cause of impaired immune system function globally.

Include:

• Leafy greens (kale, spinach)
• Fruits (berries, oranges)
• Nuts and seeds (almonds, sunflower seeds)
• Fermented foods (yoghurt, kimchi)
  

Avoid:

• Sugary drinks
• Fried and processed foods
• Excess sodium
  

Eating mindfully is one of the simplest ways to boost your immune system from within.

Can Supplements Help to Improve the Immune System?

Supplements can play an important role in optimising immune system support, especially when dietary intake is insufficient. Some commonly recommended supplements include:

• Vitamin D: Especially important for those with limited sun exposure
• Zinc and selenium: Strengthen immune responses and reduce oxidative stress
• Probiotics: Improve gut flora and help regulate immunity
  

But supplements should not be taken blindly. Blood tests and medical consultation are essential. It is essential to consider routine tests for nutrient deficiencies before taking supplements to ensure safety and efficacy.

Conclusion

Maintaining strong immune health is a continuous journey. Research indicates that if you are careful about what you eat, exercise regularly, sleep enough, and handle stress well, then you will be able to increase immunity naturally, which will make you stronger in fighting against diseases of all kinds.

If you’re facing chronic fatigue, frequent infections, or simply want to stay ahead of seasonal illnesses, these immune health tips are your first line of defence. For advanced care and diagnostics, consulting with professionals at the HCG, the best multispecialty hospital in India, can help develop a customised wellness plan.

Start small, stay consistent, and prioritise your health, because a strong immune system protects more than just your body. It supports your freedom to live fully.

Eating a balanced diet for heart health can decrease the chances of getting sick from heart problems and improve overall well-being.

Understanding which foods are good for heart health and which to avoid can significantly impact one's heart function and longevity.

The Role of Nutrition in Heart Health

For the heart to work properly, it needs certain essential nutrients. 

Eating well can help manage high blood pressure, elevated cholesterol levels, and inflammation, which increase the risk of various heart diseases. Individuals who consume heart-healthy foods typically enjoy a well-functioning heart and a reduced risk of developing life-threatening heart conditions.

Key Nutrients for Heart Health

1. Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Omega-3 fatty acids are present in oily fish such as salmon and nuts like walnuts and flaxseeds. These fats can lower the chances of getting a heart attack by reducing inflammation. 

Consuming omega-3 fatty acids can help one lower their triglyceride levels and ensure that the arteries are in good condition.

2. Fibre

Fibre is found in whole grains, legumes, fruits, and vegetables. It aids in the reduction of cholesterol levels as well as controlling the level of sugar in the blood. More specifically, soluble fibre combines with cholesterol particles and removes them from the bloodstream.

3. Antioxidants

Berries, nuts, and dark chocolate contain antioxidants that lower oxidative stress and protect cardiac myocytes. They also promote good endothelial health and blood flow.

4. Potassium

Potassium is found in bananas, potatoes, and vegetables, and it helps control salt levels and blood pressure. Hypertension risk can be lowered by consuming low-potassium foods.

5. Magnesium

Nuts, seeds, and whole grains are rich in magnesium, which is necessary for the proper functioning of the heart and muscles. Not having enough magnesium in one's diet may cause a person to develop high blood pressure or arrhythmia.

6. Healthy Fats

Avocados, olive oil, and nuts provide monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, which help reduce bad cholesterol (LDL) while increasing good cholesterol (HDL).

Additional Reading: How to Prevent Heart Disease: Tips for a Stronger, Healthier Heart - HCG Hospitals 

Heart-Healthy Diets

Several dietary patterns have been recognised for their positive impact on heart health. These diets emphasise heart-healthy foods and minimise processed and unhealthy options.

1. Mediterranean Diet

Rich in olive oil, whole grains, fish, fruits, and vegetables, the Mediterranean diet is associated with a lower risk of heart disease. It promotes healthy fats and lean protein sources, making it a top diet for heart health.

2. DASH Diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension)

This diet aims at cutting down on salt consumption and increasing the intake of some specific minerals and fibrous foods. The diet insists on taking complex carbohydrates, low-fat proteins, and enough fruits and vegetables.

3. Plant-Based Diets

Vegan and vegetarian diets emphasise plant-derived foods, eliminating or minimising animal products. They are associated with decreased cholesterol levels as well as a lower chance of getting heart attacks.

Foods to Avoid for Cardiovascular Health

While incorporating foods for heart health is essential, avoiding harmful foods is equally important.

1. Processed Foods

Unhealthy trans fats and too much salt are found in packaged snacks, fast food, and processed meats, which cause hypertension and heighten the chances of a heart attack.

2. Sugary Beverages and Foods

Eating too much sugar can lead to obesity and cause diabetes and inflammation, which are both dangerous because they can lead to heart attacks. Avoiding sodas, candies, and sugary cereals is crucial.

3. Excessive Salt

Eating too much salt causes high blood pressure, which in turn increases the chances of having a stroke or suffering from heart attacks. Reducing processed and restaurant-prepared foods can help maintain a healthy heart.

4. Unhealthy Fats

The unhealthy fats contained in fried foods, margarine, and some pastries cause blocked blood vessels and high blood cholesterol.

Role of Hydration and Portion Control

Hydration

Drinking adequate water supports proper circulation and reduces the risk of blood clot formation. Dehydration can strain the heart and lead to increased heart rate and blood pressure.

Portion Control

Overeating, even of healthy foods, can contribute to obesity and metabolic disorders. Portion control ensures balanced calorie intake, preventing excess weight gain and heart strain.

Impact of Poor Nutrition on Cardiovascular Health

Neglecting proper nutrition can have severe consequences. A diet high in processed foods, unhealthy fats, and excess sugar can lead to conditions such as:

• Hypertension (High Blood Pressure): Increased sodium intake and lack of potassium contribute to high blood pressure, raising the risk of heart disease and stroke.
  
  
• Atherosclerosis: The buildup of plaque in arteries, caused by high cholesterol and unhealthy fat consumption, can lead to heart attacks.
  
  
• Obesity: Excess weight increases the strain on the heart, making it work harder and increasing the risk of heart failure.
  
  
• Type 2 Diabetes: Poor nutrition contributes to insulin resistance, which can damage blood vessels and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Conclusion

A well-balanced diet for heart health plays a crucial role in maintaining cardiovascular well-being. Incorporating heart-healthy foods, avoiding harmful dietary choices, and practicing proper hydration and portion control can significantly lower the risk of heart disease. 

Getting advice from a cardiologist or going to a well-known cardiology hospital in India may give you a special diet plan and modern treatment for heart problems. By making informed dietary choices, individuals can take proactive steps toward a healthier heart and a longer, more fulfilling life.

At HCG Hospitals, one of the best multispeciality hospitals in India, we offer various treatment approaches, including IV iron therapy, for iron deficiency management.

4. Address Underlying Conditions

If your iron loss is due to menstrual cycles, gastrointestinal bleeding, or a chronic condition, managing the root cause is essential for long-term improvement.

Conclusion

Iron deficiency in women is a common but often underdiagnosed condition that can significantly affect energy, immunity, and daily functioning. Recognising the symptoms of iron deficiency early on allows for prompt diagnosis and effective treatment.

It is possible to replenish the iron levels through diet change, supplementation, and infusion therapy. 

Contact the top multispecialty hospitals in India, like HCG Hospitals, for a precise diagnosis, individualised care, and continuing support.

Treatments for common orthopaedic problems are recommended depending on severity, age, lifestyle, and associated comorbidities. Fortunately, experience in the orthopaedic treatment field has enabled better recovery and improved outcome success than ever before.

Here are some of the key treatment approaches:

1. Medication Management

Bone and joint disorders are treated with anti-inflammatory medications, painkillers, corticosteroids, and disease-modifying drugs (especially in arthritis and autoimmune disorders).

2. Physical Therapy

Physical therapy plays a pivotal role in joint and bone care. It restores strength, flexibility, and joint functions. Its principal application is in post-surgical or post-injury rehabilitation.

3. Minimally Invasive Surgery

Procedures like arthroscopy, spine fusion, etc., allow surgeons to diagnose and treat orthopaedic conditions with smaller incisions, resulting in faster recovery and less pain.

4. Joint Replacement Surgery

In cases of advanced osteoarthritis, orthopaedic specialists often consider joint replacement surgery for joints of the hips and knees. This positively impacts the quality of life for patients.

5. Lifestyle and Preventive Care

Managing weight, staying active, practicing good posture, and taking appropriate supplements can help prevent or slow down many common orthopaedic problems.

Choosing the Right Orthopaedic Specialist

Choosing the right orthopaedic specialist is essential for accurate and timely diagnosis and treatment. Choosing the best orthopaedic hospital is also equally important. 

As a leading orthopaedic hospital in Bhavnagar, HCG Hospitals offers patient-centred care for various orthopaedic conditions. The hospital is equipped with modern diagnostic and treatment facilities and a team of highly experienced experts to create a seamless treatment experience for patients.

When selecting a hospital, consider factors such as:

• Experience and specialisation of the orthopaedic specialists
• Availability of modern diagnostic tools and surgical facilities
• Feedback from patients who have received treatment there
• Hospital accreditation
• Post-treatment support and physiotherapy services
  
  

Conclusion

Orthopaedic conditions can drastically affect one's quality of life, but early diagnosis and proper orthopaedic management can lead to recovery in most patients or, at least, reduce the severity of symptoms. Learning about different bone and joint disorders, their risk factors, symptoms, treatment options available, and their preventive measures is the first step toward maintaining optimum bone health.

In the case of bone-related symptoms such as pain and swelling, one must see an orthopaedic specialist for necessary care and support. 

• Influenza (Flu): Common during the winter and monsoon seasons. It spreads rapidly through the air and through close contact.
  
  
• COVID-19 and Variants: Due to a sudden rise in cases of a new strain, the COVID-19 virus remains a threat to respiratory health and can cause various complications.
  
  
• Tuberculosis (TB): India has one of the highest burdens of TB in the world. TB is airborne and especially dangerous in crowded or poorly ventilated homes.
  
  
• Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma: Dust, mould, and pollen are common triggers, particularly in cities with high construction activity.
  
  
• Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV): While not widely discussed, this virus affects many infants and the elderly, often causing serious lung infections.
  
  

Recognising symptoms early—such as persistent cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, or chest tightness—is key. Timely interventions can prevent complications.

Proven Ways to Strengthen Your Lungs

Strengthening your lungs doesn’t require fancy equipment or expensive treatments. These proven, accessible methods work well and are easily incorporated into a typical Indian lifestyle:

1. Pranayama and Yogic Breathing: The ancient Indian breathing techniques Anulom Vilom and Bhramari are great for increasing the amount of air that can be inhaled into the lungs and for unblocking the nose. Practicing them daily can significantly improve respiratory health.
   
   
2. Daily Walking or Cycling: Avoid crowded gyms—opt for early morning walks in parks or residential areas with cleaner air. Physical activity strengthens your lungs and improves oxygen usage.
   
   
3. Quit Smoking and Tobacco Chewing: Smoking bidis, cigarettes, or hookah—and even passive smoke exposure—can permanently damage your lungs. Quitting is the most impactful step for respiratory health.
   
   
4. Steam Inhalation with Tulsi or Eucalyptus: An age-old Indian remedy, steam inhalation helps clear nasal congestion and supports lung detox. Add tulsi leaves or eucalyptus oil for added benefit.
   
   
5. Eat Lung-Friendly Foods: Include turmeric milk (haldi doodh), amla, ginger, garlic, and fruits like oranges and guavas in your diet. These are rich in antioxidants and vitamin C.
   
   
6. Hydration with Herbal Teas: Warm fluids help loosen mucus in the lungs. Herbal teas made with tulsi, mulethi, or cinnamon can also soothe irritated airways.
   
   

Protecting Your Lungs from Pollutants and Irritants

India faces pollution issues year-round, not just during Diwali. Cities like Delhi NCR, Mumbai, and Kolkata, along with some Tier-2 cities, have high levels of PM10 and PM2.5 particles. These fine particles can be inhaled into the lungs and enter the bloodstream, posing serious health risks.

Protect yourself by:

• Wearing N95 Masks: Especially during smoggy days or when commuting by bike or public transport.
  
  
• Checking AQI Apps Before Outdoor Activity: Apps like SAFAR and AQI India provide real-time air quality updates. Avoid outdoor exercise when the AQI is poor.
  
  
• Using Indoor Plants and Purifiers: Snake plants, aloe vera, and peace lilies can improve indoor air quality. Air purifiers with HEPA filters are useful for city homes.
  
  
• Avoiding Indoor Smoke: Reconsider frequent use of agarbatti, dhoop, or mosquito coils indoors. Opt for natural repellents and ensure good ventilation.
  
  

If you live in an area with poor air quality or work in an industrial zone, regular lung checkups are highly recommended.

Strengthen Immunity for Lung Protection

Your immune system is your body's security force, especially important for lung protection during high-risk seasons.

Here's how to strengthen immunity using common Indian practices:

• Boost with Kadha or Herbal Decoctions: A mix of tulsi, ginger, black pepper, and mulethi boiled in water is a traditional immunity booster in many Indian homes.
  
  
• Eat Balanced, Homemade Meals: Minimise processed foods and maximise seasonal vegetables, whole grains, and pulses.
  
  
• Get Vaccinated: Flu shots, COVID-19 boosters, and pneumonia vaccines are available at most government and private hospitals. Don't skip them if you're in a vulnerable group.
  
  
• Ensure Adequate Sleep: In fast-paced urban India, sleep is often sacrificed. Try to get at least 7–8 hours daily for optimal immune function.
  
  
• Manage Stress with Yoga or Meditation: High stress lowers immunity. Spending even 15 minutes a day meditating can keep your immune response strong.
  
  

At HCG Hospitals, one of the well-known multispecialty hospitals in India, we have packages for preventing diseases. Regular health checkups are essential for the elderly and patients suffering from illnesses such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and asthma, as they contain spirometry, immunisation counselling, and individual fitness schedule plans.

Conclusion

In a country as diverse—and often densely populated—as India, the risk of seasonal airborne infections is higher than in many parts of the world. But the solution lies not only in avoiding exposure but also in improving your lung health and immune system.

You can manage your breathing health completely by combining ancient Indian health practices such as pranayama, kadha, and a healthy diet with contemporary medical advice and regular preventive examinations.

If you or a family member frequently suffers from colds, breathlessness, or chest infections, don’t ignore the signs. Visit HCG, a reputed multispecialty hospital in India, for a detailed respiratory assessment and preventive care plan.

Preventing kidney stones involves making lifestyle and dietary changes to reduce the risk of stones. Here are some key prevention strategies:

1. Stay Hydrated

Drinking at least 2-3 litres of water daily helps dilute urine and prevent mineral buildup.

2. Adopt a Kidney-Friendly Diet

• Reduce intake of oxalate-rich foods (e.g., spinach, rhubarb, nuts, and tea).
• Limit salt consumption to lower calcium excretion in urine.
• Maintain a balanced intake of calcium from food sources rather than supplements.
• Moderate consumption of animal proteins like red meat, poultry, and seafood.

3. Maintain a Healthy Weight

Obesity and metabolic disorders increase the risk of kidney stones. Regular exercise and a balanced diet can help prevent stone formation.

4. Monitor Medications and Supplements

Consult your doctor before taking high doses of calcium, vitamin D, or other supplements that could contribute to kidney stone formation.

5. Seek Regular Medical Check-Ups

If you have a history of kidney stones, routine checkups with a urologist can help manage risk factors.

Conclusion

Kidney stones are a painful yet manageable condition with proper kidney stone treatment and preventive measures. Understanding kidney stone causes, symptoms, and available treatment options can help individuals take proactive steps to maintain kidney health.

If you are experiencing signs of prediabetes, consider visiting HCG Hospitals, a leading multispeciality hospital in India for comprehensive diabetic care.

Incidence and Prevalence of Prediabetes in India

A study from 2021 has estimated that India had 101 million people with diabetes and 136 million people with prediabetes. 

The prevalence of prediabetes was slightly higher in urban areas, which stood at 15.4%, than in rural areas, which stood at 15.2%.

Early identification and treatment are essential in India, where there is a high prevalence of diabetes, one of the highest in the world.

The Early Warning Signs of Prediabetes

Prediabetes is a condition that may not show symptoms. Therefore, it is often referred to as a "silent" disease. 

Nevertheless, there exist some initial signs or symptoms that one should never overlook. Here are some of the most common indicators:

1. Fatigue or Constant Tiredness

Feeling tired all the time for no valid reason may indicate a problem with sugar levels in the body.

Constant tiredness in prediabetics can occur for the following reasons:

• Insulin Resistance: The cells become less responsive to insulin, and this makes it difficult for the insulin to transport glucose molecules to the cells for energy production.
• Reduced Insulin Production: The pancreas may fail to produce sufficient insulin when there is insulin resistance in the body. This may further hinder the glucose absorption by cells for it to be utilised for energy production.
• Hampered Glucose Utilisation: Due to insulin resistance and reduced insulin production, the body ends up having more glucose than normal, especially after a glucose load.
• Poor Sleep: Hampered glucose levels lead to poor sleep, which can also be a reason for constant tiredness.

Those who have prediabetes might have constant fatigue that impairs their ability to focus, productivity, and overall quality of life.

Example: You’ve had your coffee, got 8 hours of sleep, but still feel drained by midday—this persistent fatigue could be more than just stress.

2. Blurred Vision

High blood sugar levels can cause the lens to swell, causing distorted vision. This condition can also cause damage to blood vessels in the eyes, which leads to fluid leakage, tissue detachment, and new blood vessel growth, all of which can cause the vision to become blurry. 

A blurry vision that is intermittent and affects either one or both eyes could indicate prediabetes and an increased risk of diabetes.

Example: If you notice difficulty reading your phone screen or street signs, and your vision improves and worsens frequently, it’s worth getting your blood sugar checked.

3. Slow-Healing Cuts and Frequent Infections

When blood sugar is high, wounds take longer to heal, and there is a risk of infection. This includes slow healing of minor cuts and bruises as well as increased infections, such as those related to skin, gums, or the urinary tract.

Example: A minor kitchen cut that takes weeks to heal or recurrent yeast infections might be your body’s way of alerting you to elevated glucose levels.

4. Dark Patches on the Skin (Acanthosis Nigricans)

Acanthosis nigricans is a skin disorder that causes thick, dark patches of skin to form in the folds and creases of the body, especially in the neck, armpits, elbows, and knees. It is frequently linked to insulin resistance, which is one of the main signs of prediabetes.

Example: If you notice these patches developing and they don’t lighten with exfoliation or creams, it could indicate insulin sensitivity problems.

5. Increased Thirst and Frequent Urination

One of the body’s natural reactions to high blood sugar is to flush it out through urine. This leads to increased urination, which in turn causes dehydration and excessive thirst. These symptoms often go hand in hand.

Example: If you find yourself waking up multiple times during the night to urinate or constantly needing water, these could be early signs of prediabetes.

6. Unexplained Weight Gain or Weight Loss 

Insulin resistance hampers glucose utilisation for energy and promotes lipogenesis. As a result, affected individuals often experience weight problems, which may manifest as abdominal obesity or failure of weight loss strategies even with dietary control as well as physical exercise.

Example: Despite following a balanced diet and being physically active, you’re still gaining weight or unable to shed extra pounds.

7. Tingling or Numbness in Hands or Feet

Nerve damage, which is common in diabetic patients, may start before diabetes. Prickling, insensitivity, or a burning feeling in hands and feet could mean that there is some neuropathy due to elevated hyperglycemia.

Example: You wake up with numb fingers or feel a tingling sensation in your feet after sitting—this shouldn’t be brushed off.

8. Increased Hunger or Cravings for Sugary Foods

If your body cannot use insulin well, you will always feel hungry even after meals and want to eat sweet or starchy food.

Example: You had a full meal, but you’re reaching for a cookie an hour later—this could be linked to fluctuating blood glucose levels.

How to Respond to These Warning Signs

If you’re experiencing any combination of these symptoms, it’s crucial to act early. Here's how:

1. Schedule a Blood Test: A fasting blood sugar test, an A1C test (also called an HbA1C test), or an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) can confirm whether you have prediabetes.
   
2. Consult a Specialist: Visit HCG Hospitals, a leading multispecialty hospital in India, for a complete evaluation. This hospital offers comprehensive endocrinology and diabetology services to help diagnose and treat prediabetes early.
   
3. Adopt a Healthy Lifestyle:
   

• Diet: Focus on high-fibre, low-glycaemic foods. Limit refined sugars and processed foods.
  
• Exercise: Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate activity per week.
  
• Weight Management: Losing even 5–7% of your body weight can significantly reduce your risk of progressing to diabetes.
  

4. Monitor Regularly: Monitor your blood sugar, cholesterol, and blood pressure. Regular checkups can help you stay ahead.
   
5. Consider Medical Intervention: Sometimes, doctors might give prescriptions for medications such as Metformin that will assist in controlling the level of sugar in blood as well as enhancing insulin sensitivity.

Conclusion

Prediabetes is a wake-up call, not a life sentence. If you see fatigue, unclear sight, or some dark spots on the skin, you should understand that it’s high time for you to do something and prevent the occurrence of diabetes. By paying attention to these symptoms and taking proactive steps, like visiting a nearby hospital for a diagnosis, you can safeguard your health.